Search results for "potable water"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Ag11(SG)7 : A New Cluster Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy
2014
We report a one-step and high yield synthesis of a red-luminescent silver cluster with the molecular formula, Ag11(SG)7 (SG: glutathionate) via reduction of silver ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of the tripeptide, glutathione (GSH). The as-prepared cluster shows prominent absorption features at 485 and 625 nm in its UV-vis absorption spectrum. Aging of the as-prepared cluster solution led to the disappearance of the 625 nm peak, followed by broadening of the 485 nm peak to give three maxima at ?487, 437, and 393 nm in its absorption spectrum. These peaks remain unchanged even after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), where a single band was observed confirming high purity…
Selective and Efficient Removal of Mercury from Aqueous Media with the Highly Flexible Arms of a BioMOF
2016
A robust and water-stable metal-organic framework (MOF), featuring hexagonal channels decorated with methionine residues (1), selectively captures toxic species such as CH3 Hg(+) and Hg(2+) from water. 1 exhibits the largest Hg(2+) uptake capacity ever reported for a MOF, decreasing the [Hg(2+) ] and [CH3 Hg(+) ] concentrations in potable water from highly hazardous 10 ppm to the much safer values of 6 and 27 ppb, respectively. Just like with biological systems, the high-performance metal capture also involves a molecular recognition process. Both CH3 Hg(+) and Hg(2+) are efficiently immobilized by specific conformations adopted by the flexible thioether "claws" decorating the pores of 1. T…
Coupling of electromembrane processes with reverse osmosis for seawater desalination: Pilot plant demonstration and testing
2022
Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most widespread technology to produce drinking water from seawater (SW). However, the integration of different membrane processes offers interesting alternatives. In this work, electromembrane processes were integrated with RO to desalinate real seawater in a pilot plant with 25 m3/day capacity. Electrodialysis (ED, either two-stage or single stage), shortcut reverse electrodialysis (scRED) and assisted reverse electrodialysis (ARED) pre-desalinated seawater before RO with the ED-ED-RO, ED-RO, and scRED-ARED-RO process schemes. Treated wastewater was used as salt sink in the scRED-ARED tests. The performance of the pilot plant can be summarized as follows: water …
Rainwater Reuse in Urban Areas: A Mathematical Model and a Long-Term Modelling Approach
2018
Natural water resources are becoming increasingly limited due to global-scale climate change and water availability issues have become so severe that they must be addressed. Given these issues, reuse of wastewater and rainwater provides a promising way to cope with water shortages. This paper describes an investigation into the efficiency of rainwater usage systems. A conceptual model was built to assess the behaviour of rainwater tanks and their effectiveness in coping with water shortages. The study is based on a long-term simulation (12 years) of different rainwater reuse tank schemes. The associated reductions in residential freshwater demand (water reuse efficiency) and wet-weather run…
Occurrence of DBPs in Drinking Water of European Regions for Epidemiology Studies
2016
International audience; A three-year study was conducted on the occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) - trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles - in drinking water of regions of Europe where epidemiology studies were being carried out. Thirteen systems in six countries (i.e., Italy, France, Greece, Lithuania, Spain, United Kingdom) were sampled. Typically chlorinated DBPs dominated. However, in most of Catalonia (Spain) and in Heraklion (Greece), brominated DBPs dominated. The degree of bromine incorporation into the DBP classes was in general similar among them. This is important, as brominated DBPs are a greater health concern. In parts of Catalonia,…
Energy, water and environmental balance of a complex water supply system
2015
The present paper describes the analysis of water and energy balance in a complex urban water supply system. The analysis was carried out employing Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodologies. The LCA approach was integrated with the analysis of the system energy and water balance. For a real size water supply system, based on the results of the individual LCAs, the current baseline was constructed highlighting the water, energy and environmental (in terms of CO2eq emissions in the atmosphere) costs of supplied water. Then, three different mitigation measures have been evaluated: the first is based on energy production by installation of photovoltaic systems; the second is based on energy recov…
Study of the Stability of Citrate Capped AgNPs in Several Environmental Water Matrices by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation
2021
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to UV-Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors in series, was tested for stability studies of dispersions of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in several water matrices. The main goal is to provide knowledge to understand their possible behavior in the environment for short times since mixturing (up to 180 min). Ultrapure (UPW), bottled (BW1, BW2), tap (TW), transitional (TrW) and sea water (SW) matrices were assayed. Observations were compatible with the aggregation of AgNPs, a change in the plasmon band and a size growth with time were done. Fractograms showed different evolution fingerprints in the function of the…